Month: August 2025

Undergoing bladder cancer surgery is a major step in any patient’s treatment journey—but it’s what comes next that shapes the path ahead. After the operation, patients receive a histopathology report, a detailed analysis of the removed tissue that holds the key to prognosis, follow-up care, and future treatment plans.

For many, reading this report can feel like navigating a foreign language. That’s where an experienced expert like Dr Dharmender Aggarwal, the best urology cancer expert in India, plays a vital role—helping patients decode this critical information and take informed next steps.

What Is a Histopathology Report?

A histopathology report is prepared by a pathologist who examines the bladder and related tissues removed during surgery under a microscope. This analysis provides:

• The type of bladder cancer 
• The grade and stage of the tumor 
• Whether cancer is present at the surgical margins 
• Lymph node involvement 
• Recommendations for any additional treatments 

This report is not just a summary—it’s a roadmap that guides whether you need chemotherapy, radiation, or more frequent surveillance.

What Does the Report Include? Key Sections Explained

Cancer Type and Subtype

Most bladder cancers are urothelial carcinoma, but variants like squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma are possible. These distinctions affect both prognosis and treatment strategy.

Tumor Grade and Stage

The grade tells how aggressive the tumor appears. A low-grade tumor grows slowly, while a high-grade one is more dangerous.
The stage reveals how far the cancer has spread—whether it’s confined to the inner lining or has invaded deeper layers or nearby structures.

Surgical Margins

Clear margins mean the tumor was fully removed. If cancer is found at the edge, there’s a risk that some malignant cells remain, which may require further treatment.

Lymph Node Analysis

If nearby lymph nodes were removed during surgery, the report shows whether they contain cancer. Positive nodes typically indicate a more advanced disease and may lead to a referral for chemotherapy.

Questions You Should Ask Dr Dharmender Aggarwal After Your Surgery

Discussing your report with a specialist like Dr Dharmender Aggarwal, a top urologist bladder cancer expert, ensures that nothing is missed. Here’s what to ask:

• What type and subtype of bladder cancer did I have? 
• What stage and grade was the tumor? 
• Were all the surgical margins clear? 
• Did the cancer involve any lymph nodes? 
• Will I need further treatment like chemotherapy or radiation? 
• Should I see a medical oncologist now? 
• What do these results mean for my future health? 
• What’s the schedule for follow-up scans or imaging? 

These questions not only clarify your current condition but also help prepare you for the road ahead.

The Role of Robotic Surgery in Precision and Outcome

In advanced centers across India, including Dr Aggarwal’s practice, robotic surgery for bladder cancer is changing the game. Patients benefit from:

• Cleaner surgical margins 
• Precise lymph node dissection 
• Less bleeding and faster recovery 
• Reduced complications post-surgery 

These advantages often reflect positively in the histopathology report, offering reassurance that the cancer was addressed comprehensively.

Why Robotic Surgery Makes a Difference in Post-Operative Assessment

Modern urology robotic surgery allows for accurate removal of tumors and nearby structures with millimeter-level precision. This enhances the quality of the surgical specimen, enabling pathologists to give a more definitive and detailed report—something critical in crafting a post-operative treatment strategy.

Advanced Bladder Cancer Treatment in India: Expertise That Matters

India is emerging as a hub for best bladder cancer treatment, driven by experts like Dr Dharmender Aggarwal who bring a blend of technical skill and patient-centered care. His ability to integrate pathology findings with clinical decision-making ensures a comprehensive, customized care plan for every patient.

Talk to Dr Dharmender Aggarwal About Your Report

Whether you’re recovering from bladder surgery or navigating the complexities of a new diagnosis, understanding your histopathology report is key. Dr Dharmender Aggarwal, the best urology cancer expert in India, is here to explain, guide, and support your next steps with clarity and compassion.

👉 Book your appointment today to discuss your report and get personalized guidance from a leading expert in bladder cancer care.

Penile cancer may be rare, but its impact is deeply profound—physically, emotionally, and psychologically. While early-stage cancers may be managed through localized procedures or partial penectomy, advanced cases often require a more aggressive approach. In such scenarios, total penectomy becomes not only necessary but potentially life-saving.

Dr Dharmender Aggarwal, widely acknowledged as the best urology cancer expert in India, brings clarity and compassion to this critical subject. Known for his expertise in urology robotic surgery and complex genital oncology, he helps patients understand when total penectomy is the best option for survival and long-term well-being.

What Is Total Penectomy?

Total penectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the complete removal of the penis, including the shaft and associated structures. This surgery is primarily reserved for advanced or aggressive cases of penile cancer, where less invasive treatments are unlikely to remove all malignant tissue.

Unlike partial penectomy, where only a portion of the penis is removed, total penectomy ensures complete excision of cancer-invaded areas—offering a better chance at halting disease progression.

Why Is Total Penectomy Still Necessary for Advanced Penile Cancer?

Advanced Tumor Invasion

When cancer extends deeply into penile tissues or spreads to nearby structures, removing the entire organ becomes essential to control the disease.

Lymph Node Involvement

In cases where cancer has reached the inguinal or pelvic lymph nodes, total penectomy helps eliminate the primary source of metastasis.

When Other Treatments Fall Short

Radiation or chemotherapy alone may not be sufficient in advanced stages. Surgery becomes a definitive treatment to prevent further spread and improve prognosis.

How Total Penectomy Improves Survival in Penile Cancer Treatment

Though emotionally challenging, total penectomy is a highly effective method in managing advanced penile cancer treatment. Here’s how it contributes to better survival outcomes:

• Stops Metastasis: By removing the entire tumor site, the surgery minimizes the risk of the cancer spreading to distant organs. 
• Lowers Recurrence: Complete removal significantly decreases the chances of cancer coming back. 
• Facilitates Additional Treatment: Post-surgery, patients are better positioned to respond to adjuvant treatments like chemotherapy or targeted therapies. 

Total vs Partial Penectomy: Knowing the Difference

Partial Penectomy

• Suitable for localized tumors 
• Removes only part of the penis 
• Preserves some sexual and urinary function 

Total Penectomy

• Required for larger, deeper, or more aggressive tumors 
• Removes the entire penis and affected tissues 
• Offers higher chances of survival in advanced cases 

Dr Dharmender Aggarwal, as a seasoned robotic urology surgeon, ensures that even complex procedures are handled with the utmost precision, empathy, and postoperative support.

The Emotional and Psychological Impact of Total Penectomy

The loss of the penis can be an emotionally traumatic experience. Patients may struggle with:

• Identity and body image issues 
• Depression and anxiety 
• Sexual health concerns 

That’s why Dr Dharmender Aggarwal emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach that includes:

• Preoperative Counseling: Preparing patients mentally for the changes ahead 
• Postoperative Psychological Support: Connecting with support groups and mental health professionals to aid in recovery 

A well-rounded care plan not only addresses the disease but supports the emotional healing journey.

Penile Cancer Treatment Options in Mohali & Chandigarh

Dr Dharmender Aggarwal offers advanced and individualized penile cancer treatment in Mohali and Chandigarh. Treatment options include:

• Surgical Solutions: Total and partial penectomy, lymph node dissection 
• Radiation Therapy: Targeted radiation for early-stage tumors 
• Chemotherapy: For systemic disease control in advanced stages 
• Robotic Surgical Techniques: As part of minimally invasive approaches in urological oncology 

Every treatment plan is tailored to the patient’s health condition, tumor staging, and personal preferences—ensuring the best possible outcomes.

Why Choose Dr Dharmender Aggarwal for Penile Cancer Care?

As the best urology cancer expert in India, Dr Aggarwal is a trusted expert in managing urological cancers using modern techniques like urology robotic surgery. His deep clinical knowledge, surgical expertise, and patient-first philosophy make him the go-to specialist for those facing complex penile cancer diagnoses.

Take Charge of Your Treatment Journey Today

If you or a loved one is battling penile cancer, don’t wait. Consult Dr Dharmender Aggarwal for expert evaluation and a comprehensive treatment plan designed for your specific stage and needs.

👉 Schedule your appointment now to explore safe, effective, and compassionate care from one of India’s most trusted uro-oncologists.

Kidney cancer develops when healthy kidney cells begin to multiply uncontrollably, leading to tumor formation. While not all tumors are malignant, even benign kidney growths can pose serious health risks. According to global statistics, kidney cancer ranks among the top 15 most common cancers. Understanding its signs, causes, and breakthroughs in treatment—such as robotic kidney surgery—is essential for early detection and successful recovery.

Dr Dharmender Aggarwal, a renowned robotic urology surgeon and the best urology cancer specialist in India, offers advanced insights and minimally invasive treatment options, such as robotic partial nephrectomy, for managing complex kidney cancer cases.

Recognizing the Signs of Kidney Cancer

Kidney cancer can often be silent in its early stages. However, signs to watch for include:

• Blood in urine (hematuria) 
• A palpable mass or lump on the side, lower back, or abdomen 
• Fatigue, weight loss, and loss of appetite 
• Persistent swelling in ankles or legs 
• Anaemia and intermittent fever 

While these symptoms might mimic other conditions, persistent or unexplained signs warrant a thorough medical evaluation. Imaging tests like ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans, alongside blood and urine tests, are key in accurate diagnosis.

What Causes Kidney Cancer?

The lifetime risk of developing kidney cancer is relatively low—around 2.02% for men and 1.02% for women—but certain factors elevate this risk. Common contributors include:

• Smoking and obesity 
• Hypertension 
• Long-term use of certain painkillers 
• Prolonged dialysis 
• Family history or hereditary syndromes such as VHL, Birt-Hogg-Dubé, and HPRC 

Environmental exposures to chemicals like cadmium, benzene, and asbestos also increase the likelihood of developing kidney tumors.

11 Fascinating Facts About Kidney Cancer You Should Know

It’s More Common Than You Think

Kidney cancer ranks among the top 10 cancers affecting both men and women. Men are nearly twice as likely to develop the disease compared to women.

Not Just One Disease

Kidney cancer isn’t a single condition. It encompasses various tumor types, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), each with distinct genetics, behaviors, and responses to treatment.

Genes Play a Huge Role

Over a dozen genes, including VHL, MET, and PTEN, are linked to kidney cancer. These genes impact how cells use oxygen, nutrients, and energy, confirming that kidney cancer is deeply rooted in metabolic dysfunction.

Exercise Reduces Risk

Engaging in physical activity like walking or jogging significantly lowers the risk of RCC, independent of other factors like smoking or obesity.

Hereditary Syndromes Are a Major Trigger

Several inherited syndromes are closely associated with RCC, including:

• Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) 
• Hereditary Leiomyomatosis 
• Hereditary Papillary Renal Cancer 
• Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome 

Childhood Kidney Cancer Exists Too

Wilms’ tumor is the most common form of kidney cancer in children. With early diagnosis and treatment, about 80–90% of these cases have favorable outcomes.

Dialysis Patients Are at Higher Risk

Patients undergoing long-term dialysis, especially those with acquired cystic kidney disease, have a higher likelihood of developing kidney cancer due to abnormal cell growth in cysts.

Common Painkillers Can Pose a Threat

Prolonged use of analgesics such as acetaminophen and NSAIDs has been associated with increased kidney cancer risk.

Genetic Insights Are Driving Treatment

Advancements in genetic and chromatin research are leading to new targeted therapies, including drugs that block VEGF and mTOR pathways—offering more effective treatment options.

Immunotherapy Is Changing Lives

Immunotherapy has become a frontline treatment for metastatic RCC. Agents like Sorafenib and others targeting the immune checkpoints have shown success rates as high as 70% in responsive patients.

Robotic Partial Nephrectomy is the Future

Today, robotic partial nephrectomy is the preferred method for kidney tumor removal, especially in localized cases. Performed by experts like Dr Dharmender Aggarwal, this minimally invasive procedure removes only the tumor, preserving the rest of the kidney and significantly improving long-term function and survival rates.

Advanced Kidney Cancer Treatment with Robotic Technology

As one of India’s pioneers in urology robotic surgery, Dr Dharmender Aggarwal provides highly effective, minimally invasive care tailored to each patient’s needs. His proficiency in robotic kidney surgery allows for:

• Maximum tumor removal with minimal damage 
• Enhanced post-operative kidney function 
• Faster recovery and fewer complications 

Take Action: Early Diagnosis Saves Lives

Being informed about kidney cancer treatment options and recognizing symptoms early can make a world of difference. Whether you’re facing a diagnosis or exploring a second opinion, Dr Dharmender Aggarwal, the best urology cancer specialist in India, is here to help you navigate every step with expertise and care.

👉 Book a consultation today with Dr Dharmender Aggarwal and take the first step toward advanced, precise, and compassionate kidney cancer care.